Comparative Criminal Justice Systems Guilty But Insane

Rona Johnson CRJ613: Comparative Criminal Justice Systems Guilty but Insane Prof Jonathan Sperling January 23, 2017 Criminal Intent â€Å"Mens rea: In criminal law, the guilty mind. It refers to the intent that is needed in order to be found guilty of a crime† (Bartol, C. R., 10/2014). Mens rea is a very important aspect of the criminal justice system and it is really important when the issue of mental competency plays a factor in a criminal case. There are four different levels of the mens rea code. Once you are aware of the levels it gives you a brighter understanding of what needs to be proven in a court of law. â€Å"Model Penal Code: A proposed criminal code drafted by the American Law Institute that states may choose to adopt as†¦show more content†¦The risk must be substantial enough that the action represents a gross deviation from what a reasonable law abiding person would do. The difference between recklessness and knowledge is that where a person acts knowingly he acts with the certainty that a certain result will follow from his actions. However, where a person acts recklessly, the person does not know for sure that a specific result will follow. Rather, he only knows that there is a substantial risk that the result will follow. For example: Negligence: A person acts negligently if they should have been aware of a substantial and unjustifiable risk that a certain consequence would result from their actions. Although the level of risk is the same for both recklessness and negligence, the difference between the two is that with recklessness, the actor must be aware of the risk involved with her actions, whereas, for negligence, the actor is not aware of the risks but should have known what those risks were†(National Paralegal College, 2017). In Regards to Great Britain and the mens rea it is not the same as it is in the United States. â€Å"The M’Naghten Rules provide that a person who knows the physical quality of his act will. nevertheless, be excluded from punishment if(under the second limb of the Rules) he did not know it was wrong† â€Å"The application of the doctrine of mens rea to sane and insane actors results in two apparent anomalies. First, where it is established that aShow MoreRelatedRelationship between Neuroscience and Crime1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe definition of Criminology is the scientific study of crime, as a social phenomenon of criminals, and penalty treatment (Collins English Dictionary 2014). Criminology is the basis of the criminal justice system, it aids with assessing criminals and punishing them justly within the justice system. 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Communicable Diseases Cough and Sough Throat

Question: Discuss about theCommunicable Diseasesfor Cough and Sough Throat. Answer: Introduction A communicable disease is any infectious disease that can be directly transmitted from one person to another or one host to another through contact with a person or affected host. The transmission can also be indirect by the means of a vector. Some of the communicable diseases can spread from one person to another while other may spread from an animal to a person. However, others may be spread through the body fluids and through the air as well. Some of the communicable diseases such as influenza may have lethal or mild symptoms. However, their control and prevention are basically based on the public health work including vaccinations especially for the kids and the young adults. In addition, proper hygiene such hand washing every time after leaving the toilet or before handling any food substances is highly recommended to prevent the germs from causing any harm. Other protective way include practicing protected sex and consuming safe and clean food (Marshall et al., 2009). Influenza causes about half a million deaths worldwide yearly with the highest record of influenza cases recorded in the 1918 where over 50% of the worlds population was affected an over thirty million people in the whole world because of the disease. Due to the fact that vaccines were very expensive and were not produced quickly in order to respond to the epidemic in time, other antiviral drugs that reduced the strength of the disease were used. The influenza disease can be caused by three different viruses including the influenza A, influenza B and the influenza C and most of the disease symptoms include cough, sough throat, running nose and fever, vomiting, headache among others (Fenichel, Kuminoff Chowell, 2013). Planning for Influenza What was Initially Planned? The level of preparedness for influenza in Australia was of serious concern in the past decade through increased awareness campaigns to adapt to the emergency responses implemented. In relation to this, a good planning framework had been put in place in all the governmental sectors to adapt to the influenza disease. For example, in 2005, the Australian Health sector put in place a national pandemic influenza plan which integrated the different scientific policy developments. Three years later, the Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza (AHMPPI) generated a nationally accepted strategic framework to guide the pandemic preparedness and response activities (Bishop, Murnane Owen, 2009). What Actually Happened? Due to the fact that the Australian government had put in place a pandemic plan, it was therefore in good position to put in place actions that respond to the influenza disease. AHMPPI was used by the AHPC in the implementation of actions adapted to understand how the disease evolved. Coming up with the new PROTECT phase showed that the nation was very flexible to respond to the health system. The protect phase was developed and put in place in June 2009 with the main aim to and provide care to the vulnerable groups and avoid severe outcomes. The system phases were basically for the consistence in the national operations. On the other hand, the governing bodies such as the jurisdiction were seriously negatively impacted during the implementation of the public health actions despite the fact that it was legitimate phasing nationally and the purpose was not clear though. In mid 2009, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) also invited those who had research proposals for the planning to control the pandemic (Gordon et al., 2012). Lessons Learnt Planning for the pandemic is very necessary since it has become threat to the health system of the nation. On the other hand, the influenza disease has a great negative impact on the social and economic components of the society and therefore, the World Health Organization is working hard enough to ensure that all countries have a draft of a work plan for the preparedness of the disease. Even though its quit uncertain of the next pandemic outbreak, there is high likelihood of influenza outbreak very soon due to the fact that it has always been experienced in at least every century. Planning for the disease is very necessary since the magnitude of the next outbreak is not clearly known to the expertise. However, its predicted to be very mild causing very serious health problems as those experienced in 1918. If the nation is sufficiently prepared, then the number of the reported cases of the pandemic will drastically reduce as well as improving the health sectors and other critical inf rastructure by the government (Brachman, 2003). Recommendations It was therefore recommended that integration and high flexibility during the influenza planning to adapt to the responses in the areas where the disease was so severe was one of the best way to handle the pandemic. Naming and identifying all the public health control measures was also another remedy through the development of the decision support documents though this strategy was pulled back by the legislation and the communication processes. Gradual checking of the health advisory groups in terms of their operation before the pandemic occurs was also suggested in all the government processes. Finally, generation of a research plan that met the needs of the public health response in the affected areas as well as funding the investigation processes within and outside the nation (Rashid et al., 2015). Surveillance of the Pandemic What was Initially Planned. Surveillance of a pandemic is the continued and systematic data collection and analysis by the public health officials and for dissemination to the public in order to get their responses about a pandemic for proper and sound decision making. The national government and all its bordering territories all cooperated together to provide a common surveillance image to make the whole public informed and the decision makers aware of the pandemic. On the other hand, there was documentation of all the clinical pictures for the public for appropriate decision making. However, it was the role of the health care sector to information and warning about any outbreak or severity warnings (Newman et al., 2010). Researchers and other policy makers therefore had to collect analyze and report the analyzed data for informed decision making by the public and the government. Due to the data collected, the government therefore felt the urge for routine and occasional influenza surveillance in the whole cou ntry for easy elimination during the breakout of the pandemic. In 2009, the nation came up with a computer based reporting system (NetEpi) that was used during the multi-jurisdictional outbreaks before the pandemic was experienced. Despite the continued influenza surveillance, it was not possible to identify each and every case but just a few that were used as models by the health practitioners and the whole community at large (Tay et al., 2013). What actually Happened. The Communicable Disease Network Australia (CDNA) predicted the surveillance response and worked on the ways to adapt to the testing protocols and other requirements needed. To achieve this, they used the sentinel and the syndromic surveillance system in the follow ups of the pandemic. However, some cases were spotted within the country using the internet based system. On the other hand, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Center for Reference and Research on Influenza also did some good and sound research and shared the information with the entire public and other health officers about the viruses of the influenza pandemic. Consequently, the territory health departments in collaboration with the national health officials on the patients admitted in the Intensive Care Units and other deaths that were recorded to have occurred from the pandemic (Kelly et al,. 2011). Some other information were also obtained from the Australia and New Zealand Intensive care society (ANZICS) and also the entry data in the hospital books obtained from the internet based systems in the Queensland (EpiLog). Lessons Learnt To understand the occurrence of a disease, it is very critical to obtain an accurate pandemic surveillance information and data. Therefore more research work should be put in place for common agreements during the data collection processes for the pandemic especially in the bordering territories where the sentinel system could not be available. It was also noted that maintaining the internet based systems was quit hard since the reported cases increased day by day and therefore it was necessary for some states to develop and use personal and independent internet based systems (NetEpi). Following this decision by some states, a lot of data and information were lost by the state government since the national internet system was only capable of collecting the most important information and leaving out other minor information collected by the states. It was on the other hand so hard to access and interpret the jurisdictional reports of all the patients in hospitals every day since the da ta collected was purposefully meant for the jurisdictional surveillance (Bethel, Foreman Burke, 2011). To establish the epidemiology of the disease, it was therefore of critical importance to complete all the work done in the previous years before the breakout of the contagious disease. There was increased need for the development of the emergency departments(ED) and other Intensive Care Units (ICU) for the seasonal surveillance of the influenza pandemic. Recommendations There should be increased number of health care officials who are well trained and specialized in the influenza disease control to help in the research of the outbreak especially at its early stages before it gets severe and affect a large population. An integrated approach should also be put in force for the jurisdictional and other territories to come up with common interest in controlling the pandemic other than independent states coming up with their own means of data collection and analysis on influenza. Finally, data collection, analysis and reporting of the finalized data should be done at the national level to provide a full surveillance plan (ANZIC Influenza Investigators 2009). Communication What was Initially Planned The element of communication is very important in passing information to the general public on the benefits of proper hygiene as a means of lowering the spread of the influenza infection. This has been achieved by the Australian government through channels such as the national public campaigns against influenza to make the people knowledgeable as means of making positive future responses (Gray et al., 2012). The National Health Emergency Media Response Network (NHEMRN) was used in communicating important information between the national and the jurisdictional media responses. Even though there were great challenges in the communication channels such as the government websites and other telephone hotlines, they were highly used. The communication aspect was majorly used to pass the vital information to the policy makers and the general public as a whole together with the health specialists to aid in the information data collection and dissemination for informed decision making in a ti mely basis. The Council of Australian Governments was also developed through the government and the public communication strategy to help the health sector in making its decisions (Watkins, Barnett Links, 2008). (AHMPPI on the other hand emphasized the benefits of communicating at the right time to the public and other important stakeholders about the pandemic for informed decision making. What Actually Happened In 2009, the Australian government came up with a national public communication campaign with the aim of passing the important information to the parents that vaccines for the children for the H1N1 were available and therefore immunization was highly encouraged. Promotion of proper hygiene practices was also encouraged through the communication channels and discouraging mythical approaches especially during the vaccination periods was also put on the forefront (Kumar et al., 2009). The government on the other hand came up with websites that shared the important information about the pandemic through advertisements before and during the outbreak of the disease (www.flupandemic.gov.au) created in late 2008. In addition to this, the Australian government also created a Health Emergency website to control the virus that was widely experienced in 2009 (www.healthemergency.gov.au). Other communication strategies developed included the telephone hotlines to provide customer services to the callers who had questions related to the pandemic as well as giving further information and what should be done in case of an outbreak. Social networking services such as facebook and twitter were widely used in conveying the essential information in addition to the spokespersons selected by the commonwealth and the jurisdictional bodies to pass the information (Bults et al., 2011) Lessons Learnt and Recommendations It was found to be of great importance to come up with a media specific outline to control the influenza disease through principles that guides the media management as well as coming up with other principles of communication within the health sector. Other development forums such as the National Health Emergency Media Response Network (NHEMRN) to run and manage all the public information campaigns for the pandemic were critical in creating awareness of the infectious disease. Control Strategies Influenza H1N1 being a serious threat to the Australian economy and society, a number of control measures have to be put in place to ensure the pandemic spread is drastically reduced. To achieve these objectives, a number of health care settings have been put in place including the nursing homes and other skilled personnel. Some of the strategies put in place to cub and reduce the spread of the disease include the public health measures and the border measures (Greer, 2013). Border Measures Restrictions were rapidly implemented in the Australian borders and its international airports. In the ports, several protocols were also imposed by the government to monitor the shipping activities within the country that would otherwise lead to the spread of the infectious disease. The strict border and ship cruising measures improved by greater percentage the health of the entire Australian population due to the delayed entry and reduced outbreak and spread of the virus. To achieve this, the government of Australia introduced rules that reduced the number of travelers who came from the influenza prone areas into the country and the few who had to travel to Australia had to undergo thorough screening to identify if they had already been infected (McAuley et al., 2007). The Australian government also implemented the quarantine Act 1908 that gave powers those involved in monitoring and reducing the disease spread especially in the Quarantine and Inspection Services where the immigran ts had to show their Health Declaration Cards and other immunization documents upon arrival in Australia. Other measures adopted by the government include the implementation of the National Pandemic Influenza Airport Border Operations Plan indicating how all the legally binding parties will be operating to respond to the spread of the disease. Lessons Learnt and Recommendations It was wise to implement rapid border measures by the border agency officers who ensured that the airports and all other airlines met the standards and were free from the pandemic. For effective communication strategies, the government and all other involved agencies came up with a formal communication process between the airlines and all the airports in the country. There was therefore increased need to develop a cross-agency advice on health matters of those who worked in the airports and the airlines. To curb the spread of the pandemic influenza, an increased need for communication in the borders is of great significance. Operational protocols and other policy review should be seriously put in place (Rambaut et al., 2015). Public Health Measures For an appropriate management of the influenza outbreak, one need to first identify the affected or the susceptible individuals then separate them from the large group for special treatment to reduce the transmission of the disease. However, quarantine and isolation may be imposed to the affected individuals within the community. In addition, more concern should be put on the DELAY phase especially to individuals travelling to Australia through various health stages to establish if they are infected by the disease and as well establish ways of adopting and surviving with the affected individuals (Medlock, Galvani, 2009). Some of the methods adopted during the control of the pandemic influenza include passing of the personal hygiene messages conveying the major control measures of the disease such as coughing in the required manner as well as washing the hands after visiting the toilets or before handling any food substance. The public were also advised and given the guidelines in controlling the infection as well as being well informed on the possible occupational health hazards likely to occur due to exposure to the predisposing factor of the disease. Other methods for public information included the school exclusion and closures together with the wider community interventions such as counseling and reducing the aspects of public transport systems. Lessons Learnt and Recommendations Identification and imposition of quarantine or isolation was a major step in controlling the spread of pandemic influenza and therefore the health care workforce had the chance to properly study how the communicable disease is easily spread and its control measures. There was also serious need of using the antiviral drugs as well as reviewing all other policies to effectively reduce the pandemic outbreak. This was achieved through monitoring the guidelines set in controlling the disease as well as carrying out more research where little information was available. Childcare closure and the school policy reviews is also important in knowing how severe the disease is (Vaillant et al., 2008). Conclusion Influenza disease outbreak preparedness was a good step adopted by the Australian government. This lead to reduced number of death cases recorded since 2008 as compared to the highest number of deaths recorded in the 1918 that affected over forty million people with the highest number of deaths recorded in Australia of over half a million. Despite the fact that influenza was almost being declared a national disaster due to its widespread in the country, the government and other involved stakeholders have put great effort in controlling and reducing the spread of the pandemic and therefore Australia may be free of the disease with the continued efforts. The Australian communication and the public health sectors should be greatly supported in terms of finance and research work in ensuring the whole public is well informed of the pandemic to increase the level of preparedness. References ANZIC Influenza Investigators. (2009). Critical care services and 2009 H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand. N Engl J Med, 2009(361), 1925-1934. Bethel, J. W., Foreman, A. N., Burke, S. C. (2011). Disaster preparedness among medically vulnerable populations. American journal of preventive medicine, 40(2), 139-143. Bishop, J. F., Murnane, M. P., Owen, R. (2009). Australia's winter with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(27), 2591-2594. Brachman, P. S. (2003). Infectious diseasespast, present, and future. International journal of epidemiology, 32(5), 684-686. Bults, M., Beaujean, D. J., Richardus, J. H., van Steenbergen, J. E., Voeten, H. A. (2011). Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccination in The Netherlands: parental reasoning underlying child vaccination choices. Vaccine, 29(37), 6226-6235. Fenichel, E. P., Kuminoff, N. V., Chowell, G. (2013). Skip the trip: Air Travelers' behavioral responses to pandemic influenza. PloS one, 8(3), e58249. Gordon, D. L., Sajkov, D., Woodman, R. J., Honda-Okubo, Y., Cox, M. M., Heinzel, S., Petrovsky, N. (2012). Randomized clinical trial of immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza vaccine containing Advax polysaccharide adjuvant. Vaccine, 30(36), 5407-5416. Gray, L., MacDonald, C., Mackie, B., Paton, D., Johnston, D., Baker, M. G. (2012). Community responses to communication campaigns for influenza A (H1N1): a focus group study. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 1. Greer, A. L. (2013). Can informal social distancing interventions minimize demand for antiviral treatment during a severe pandemic?. BMC public health, 13(1), 1. Kelly, P. M., Kotsimbos, T., Reynolds, A., Wood-Baker, R., Hancox, B., Brown, S. G., ... Irving, L. B. (2011). FluCAN 2009: initial results from sentinel surveillance for adult influenza and pneumonia in eight Australian hospitals. Medical Journal of Australia, 194(4), 169. Kumar, A., Zarychanski, R., Pinto, R., Cook, D. J., Marshall, J., Lacroix, J., Turgeon, A. F. (2009). Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Canada. Jama, 302(17), 1872-1879. Marshall, H., Ryan, P., Roberton, D., Street, J., Watson, M. (2009). Pandemic influenza and community preparedness. American Journal of Public Health, 99(S2), S365-S371. McAuley, J. L., Hornung, F., Boyd, K. L., Smith, A. M., McKeon, R., Bennink, J., ... McCullers, J. A. (2007). Expression of the 1918 influenza A virus PB1-F2 enhances the pathogenesis of viral and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Cell host microbe, 2(4), 240-249. Medlock, J., Galvani, A. P. (2009). Optimizing influenza vaccine distribution. Science, 325(5948), 1705-1708. Newman, L., Stirzaker, S., Knuckey, D., Robinson, K., Hood, J., Knope, K., ... Gajanayake, I. (2010). Australia's notifiable disease status, 2008: annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report, 34(3), 157-224. Rambaut, A., Pybus, O. G., Nelson, M. I., Viboud, C., Taubenberger, J. K., Holmes, E. C. (2008). The genomic and epidemiological dynamics of human influenza A virus. Nature, 453(7195), 615-619. Rashid, H., Ridda, I., King, C., Begun, M., Tekin, H., Wood, J. G., Booy, R. (2015). Evidence compendium and advice on social distancing and other related measures for response to an influenza pandemic. Paediatric respiratory reviews, 16(2), 119-126. Tay, E. L., Grant, K., Kirk, M., Mounts, A., Kelly, H. (2013). Exploring a proposed WHO method to determine thresholds for seasonal influenza surveillance. PloS one, 8(10), e77244. Vaillant, L., La Ruche, G., Tarantola, A., Barboza, P. (2008). Epidemiology of fatal cases associated with pandemic H1N1 influenza 2009. Euro surveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles= European communicable disease bulletin, 14(33), 127-136. Watkins, R. J., Barnett, D. J., Links, J. M. (2008). Corporate preparedness for pandemic influenza: a survey of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in Montgomery County, Maryland. Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy, practice, and science, 6(3), 219-226.

Most Noticeable Transfer Essay Examples

Most Noticeable Transfer Essay Examples The End of Transfer Essay Examples Rather, you're probably going to wish to jump right into why this majorat this specific school. Instead, talk about the way in which the school wasn't the proper fit for you personally. Discuss what you were unable to experience at your present school and the way this will change at a new school. You shouldn't say anything negative about your existing school. In any case, sports teach you just how to work in a team. Being in college might be a small struggle for some. Maybe you've decided to modify your major, and your present college doesn't provide the courses you need to take. Speak badly of your present college. Moving from 1 college to another is based on a comprehensive procedure for application. The Additional Comments box is just another region where you can tell us anything we have to know about your unique academic situation, which already has not yet been covered in different parts of the application. The body is broken into different paragraphs based on the should lay out all of the support for the primary point. Secondly, you are able to get your work done in a suitable manner also. Hard work has gotten you to where you wish to be, and hard work will enable you to stay there. You'll only have to be a little bit more careful to remain under the term limit. Don't hesitate to take what space is essential that you tell your story. Writing essays aren't only for assignments but important vehicles for you to attain your dreams so always handle them with passion and attention. Things You Won't Like About Transfer Essay Examples and Things You Will Someone learns the significance of punctuality nightly. Transferring is a huge choice, therefore it's important to demonstrate your intentions are clear. The very first importance is to create everything clear so that you're able to find the approval as earlier as possible. You have to spell out the explanations for doing this. This article will appear at the criteria that generally makes for an amazing personal statement when giving you an enormous collection of successful essays that were accepted at a lot of different institutions. By learning how to take things apart and critique, you will also learn to compose the statements better. Instead, concentrate on the stream of your writing and attempt to let your own voice shine. The very last thing a school would like to see is that you shut off your mind to unique opportunities once you opted to transfer. You have to grab their attention and the best method to do this is by writing in your voice. No matter the reason, refrain from speaking ill of your present school. Facts, Fiction and Transfer Essay Examples You will also need to learn to compose a transfer essay. There has to be a central thesis upon which the transfer essay is going to be based. As soon as your transfer essay is edited and you are pleased with it, be certain to do an exhaustive check for spelling and grammatical errors. Writing a transfer essay isn't a mere formality. Bear in mind your essay is reviewed for both admission along with scholarship purposes. Make it memorable and unique. Moreover, narrative essays are the most frequently made essays, which likewise tell a story. Writing application essays is a dreaded job, particularly when it's your second moment. If you require the inspiration to compose your own application essay, take a look at our Common App essay examples which should jump-start your writing. These authors understand how to tell a tale. In your essays, you may use various approaches. All fantastic personal essays contain this essential element.

Writing a High School Topic Paper on China Debate

Writing a High School Topic Paper on China DebateChinese Debate is a challenging and exciting high school topic paper. It can be difficult to write a good topic paper on this type of topic because of the subject matter. However, there are a few things that you can do to make it easier.As with any subject matter, you need to learn the subject matter first before writing the paper. This will ensure that you know what you are writing about and also give you an idea of how you want your paper to turn out. Many students do not do this, so you should pay attention to their writing if you are trying to write on a particular topic.Once you know the subject matter, you then need to create a plan for how you will research the topic. The best way to do this is to use a good online research tool. This will allow you to find many different resources that are relevant to the topic.The next step is to start collecting references to research and organize them properly. You should make sure you have plenty of notes at the end of each research. This will help you organize the research better, as well as making sure that you understand the points that are being made.Creating a solid outline is a good strategy for any writing project. This will allow you to break down your essay into sections and make sure that you don't forget a thing. Be sure to take your time doing this so that you can get it right.Speaking notes are a powerful method for having a clear understanding of your topic. This way you can add in comments and questions as you go along, allowing you to get more clarity. Make sure you use the same format as you would with a normal essay.Writing Chinese Debate is a demanding subject matter, but writing a high school topic paper is one of the most challenging. When you get into the practice of writing on topics like this, you will see that it becomes easier. As you continue to write and do more research, you will find that it becomes easier to write a topic like this.Remem ber that writing a high school topic paper on China debate is not easy. However, once you get used to the writing process, you will begin to see that it becomes easier. Remember that research and organization is very important when writing this type of paper. Practice makes perfect.

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Personal Trainer Business Plan 101 College Papers and How to Avoid It

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Personal Trainer Business Plan 101 College Papers and How to Avoid It Depending on the kind of training you plan to do, you need to be certified to be able to get started taking on clients. If you genuinely want a devoted customer base, look at specializing in one sort of client. When you invest in the proper expert liability insurance, you can guarantee that you're going to be protected. How to compose a little business business program. If you use it the correct way, you can link with more prospective customers. Then you've got to look the part. All you have to do so as to break away from the pack is to understand where to start. It's among the most efficient techniques for connecting with those who need your services. Personal Trainer Business Plan 101 College Papers Can Be Fun for Everyone Possessing a capable organisation to work with can greatly alleviate the load whenever you're starting and keeping up a Personal Training enterprise. 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Important Things to Know About Writing a NHS Sample Essay Character

Important Things to Know About Writing a NHS Sample Essay CharacterWriting a NHS sample essay character is a daunting task. You must make sure that you are stating facts and truthfully in your essay. You must also be able to describe the character and personality of the writer and that the individual is only interested in providing factual information.With regards to NHS samples you will have access to different type of news articles. The information contained in these pieces is the same for all. It is because the news will always be updated so any facts contained within are not up to date. For this reason you must be careful that you know what facts to take on board and what facts to leave out.With regards to the essay topic, it is vital that the essay character can stand out from the crowd. This can be done by being innovative, original and even controversial. There is no right or wrong answer when it comes to your topic so try to think of the best answer that suits your essay. Try to avoid too many topics as this will help in narrowing down your choices.A general topic is best because it gives you the chance to make your topic interesting and entertaining. The main idea behind the topic should be that it needs to be exciting and need to be something that can get people talking about it.As previously mentioned, an article character cannot be a party pooper. They are just as much as anyone else and must deliver the required information to be told. They have to be concerned with telling the true story and it has to be factual to avoid getting into trouble.If the writer of the NHS sample has a background in a particular field of work then this is something that should be included. It should also be noted that these types of people are the ones who speak with authority on the subject matter. Their opinions are supported by hard evidence and they are able to present this knowledge well.It is important that the writing skills of the individual are good. If they are , then they are also aware of how to use these skills. There is no room for errors in any NHS essay character so ensure that you proofread.Remember that there is no need to be perfect in any aspect of the writing skills that you posses. Make sure that you use all the available resources. Also ensure that you are giving your best effort in this area.

Humback Whales Essays - Baleen Whales, Megafauna, EDGE Species

Humback Whales To look up into the mountains and see the steam rolling from a mountain stream on a cold winters morning is a beautiful sight. However, to look out over the horizon and see the white spray of salt water coming from the blow of a huge hump-back whale is much more exciting sight and a whole lot warmer. I lived in the mountains of Colorado for most of my childhood. The first time I had the opportunity to see the ocean was on a vacation to California, when I was about 15 years old. It was even better than I had dreamed it would be. The different animals in the ocean, the color of the water, and the warm sand between my toes was probably what led me to come to the islands of Hawaii. When I first saw the hump-back whale I was amazed at their huge size and how they could breach out of the water so gracefully. It is as if they were trying to play or show off. So when we were asked to choose a favorite animal, I had no problem deciding on the hump- back whale. The hump-back whale gets it's name from the distinctive hump in front of the dorsal fin and from the way it raises it's back high above water before diving. They are a member of the order Cetacea. This order is of aquatic mammals and the hump-back belongs to the suborder of the Mysticeti. The Mysticeti are the baleen whales which have three families and several species. The family in which the hump-back belongs is the Balaenopteridae, the true fin backed whale. The thing that separates this genus from the other fin-backed whales is the pectoral fins, which grow in lengths of about 5 meters (16.4 feet). This Genus is called Megaptera meaning great wing (Tinker 290). There was a controversy over the species name in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In 1932, Remington Kellogg finally settled the matter with Megatera Novaeangliae (Cousteau 84). The common English name is the hump-back whale. The hump-back whale lives in both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Since we live in the Pacific I'll be discussing the hump-backs of the North Pacific. They migrate from North to South. In the months of July through September they gather in the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea or the Chukchi Sea. They head south for the winter. They go to one of three areas: (1) Between the Bonin Islands, the Marianas Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan; (2) The Hawaiian Islands, and (3) Along the coast of Mexico (Tinker 291). One of the reasons these whales go North is for feeding. They have a short food chain compared to most mammals. Phytoplankton turns sunlight into energy and this energy is consumed by zooplankton. The zooplankton and phytoplankton are eaten by small fish. The whale in turn eats the fish. The chain is complete when waste products or dead whales decompose. They have a very short time frame in which they eat compared to the twelve months out of the year. They have not been seen feeding in Hawaii. It seems that they only feed during the summer months up north. During the fasting periods, in Hawaii, they survive on their blubber. They mix their diet with copepods, euphausiids (krill), and small fish, primarily herring and capelin. They are considered filter feeders, using baleen plates to filter out their food. They take huge amounts of water into their mouth using a gulping method and then when they push the water out, they put their tongue up so the water must pass through the baleens. The food becomes trapped and falls toward the rear of the mouth. The two gulping methods hump-back whales use are lunge feeding and bubble net feeding. Lunge feeding is used when food is abundant. The whale simply swims through the prey with it's mouth open engulfing the prey. They can do this vertically, laterally or inverted. This is done toward the surface of the ocean. Bubble net feeding is used when the prey is less abundant. The whale dives below the prey and discharges bubbles from it's blowhole. As the bubbles